Determining the location at which a photograph was captured

ABSTRACT

A method for geolocating photographs is implemented in a computing device. The method includes receiving a photograph captured by a user as data stored on a computer-readable medium, receiving location history data for the user, determining a time at which the photograph was captured based on an object depicted in the photograph, determining a geographic location at which the photograph was captured using the determined time and the location history data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/461,587, filed on May 1, 2012, and titled “Determining the Locationat which a Photograph was Captured,” which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/569,549, filed on Dec. 12, 2011,and titled “Determining the Location at Which a Photograph wasCaptured,” the entire disclosures of each of which are hereby expresslyincorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

This disclosure generally relates to techniques for processingphotographs and, in particular, to determining and associating ageographic location with a photograph.

BACKGROUND

The background description provided herein is for the purpose ofgenerally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of thepresently named inventors, to the extent it is described in thisbackground section, as well as aspects of the description that may nototherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neitherexpressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the presentdisclosure.

In many situations, users of digital and film cameras, camera phones,camcorders, and other image-capturing devices wish to know where acertain photograph was captured. Some digital cameras manufactured todayare equipped with global position system (GPS) receivers that determinethe location of the camera based on GPS satellite data. The user of adigital camera equipped with a GPS receiver may configure the GPSreceiver to automatically compute the GPS coordinates of the location ofthe camera, whenever a photograph is captured with the camera, so thatthe camera can associate the photograph with the computed GPScoordinates. However, not all cameras are equipped with GPS receivers.Also, in some cases, a user may intentionally or inadvertently disablethe GPS receiver of the camera. In other cases, the GPS data transmittedby the GPS satellites may be obscured from the GPS receiver of thecamera if, for example, the camera is indoors. In each of these cases, aphotograph captured with the camera will not be associated with thelocation information.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, a method for geolocating photographs is implemented ina computing device. The method includes receiving a photograph capturedby a user as data stored on a computer-readable medium, receivinglocation history data for the user, determining a time at which thephotograph was captured based on an object depicted in the photograph,determining a geographic location at which the photograph was capturedusing the determined time and the location history data.

A method in another embodiment is for determining a location at which aphotograph was captured using a camera. The photograph is stored as dataon a computer-readable medium, and a location of the user at the timethe photograph was captured corresponds to the location of the camera atthe time the photograph was captured. The method is implemented in acomputing device and includes detecting, in the photograph, an objectthat displays an indication of time as a plurality of alphanumericcharacters. In response to determining that the plurality ofalphanumeric characters matches a format of time indication, the methodincludes automatically determining a time at which the photograph wascaptured using the detected plurality of alphanumeric characters,automatically determining a location of the user at the determined timeusing user location data that is indicative of respective locations ofthe user at a plurality of instances of time during a time periodincluding the determined time, and generating an electronic indicationof the location at which a photograph was captured, such that theindication indicates the determined location of the user at thedetermined time.

In still another embodiment, a tangible computer-readable medium storesinstructions for automatically determining a location at which aphotograph was captured using a camera, where the photograph is storedas data on a computer-readable medium. When executed on a processor, theinstructions cause the processor to determine a time at which thephotograph was captured based on an objected depicted in the photograph.Further, the instructions cause the processor to receive user locationdata indicative of respective locations of a user at a plurality ofinstances of time during a time period, where the time period includesthe determined time, and where a location of the user at the time thephotograph was captured corresponds to the location of the camera at thetime the photograph was captured. Still further, the instructions causethe processor to select, from the plurality of instances of time, asubset of instances of time most closely associated with the determinedtime, and determine the location at which the photograph was capturedusing the determined time and a subset of the user location datacorresponding to the selected subset of instances of time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example communication network in which aphoto geolocation engine operates to determine the location at which aphotograph was captured, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2A is an example photograph on which an example photo geolocationengine of FIG. 1 operates to determine the location at which thephotograph was captured using a landmark structure depicted in thephotograph, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2B is another example photograph on which an example photogeolocation engine of FIG. 1 operates to determine a location where thephotograph was captured using a digital clock depicted in thephotograph, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2C yet another example photograph on which an example photogeolocation engine of FIG. 1 operates to determine a location where thephotograph was captured using a clock depicted in the photograph,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2D is another example photograph on which an example photogeolocation engine of FIG. 1 operates to determine a location where thephotograph was captured using the position of the sun depicted in thephotograph, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2E is another example photograph on which an example photogeolocation engine of FIG. 1 operates to determine a location where thephotograph was captured using a time stamp projected onto the photographduring capture, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2F is another example photograph on which an example photogeolocation engine of FIG. 1 operates to determine a location where thephotograph was captured using the location information of a persondepicted in the photograph, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example method for associating aphotograph with a location at which the photograph was captured that maybe implemented in the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of another example method for associating aphotograph with a location at which the photograph was captured that maybe implemented in the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of yet another example method for associating aphotograph with a location where the photograph was captured;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of still another example method for associatinga photograph with a location where the photograph was captured; and

FIG. 7 is an example of a block diagram of a computing device in whichan example photo geolocation engine may operate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This specification describes a photograph location detection system (orsimply “photo geolocation system”) that automatically determines where aphotograph was captured using one or several objects depicted in thephotograph (or other visual attributes of the photograph) and, in somecases, additional information related to the location of a person whocaptured the photograph or is depicted in the photograph. Generallyspeaking, the photograph can depict objects or data directly orindirectly indicating the location at which the photograph was capturedand/or the time of capture, from which the location then can beinferred. As used herein, the photograph may be a still photographcaptured with a digital or analog camera, a video still extracted from adigital or analog video stream (e.g., an 8 mm tape, a VHS tape), etc. Invarious cases, the photograph may depict such objects as landmarkstructures, street signs, clocks and watches, electronic billboards,tickers, etc. In some scenarios, the photograph may depict people.

In an example scenario, the photo geolocation system identifies alandmark structure depicted in the photograph and obtains the locationof the landmark structure to directly infer, extrapolate, interpolate,or otherwise determine the location at which the photograph wascaptured. As a more specific example, upon identifying a structuredepicted in a photograph as a landmark structure, the photo geolocationsystem can retrieve the GPS coordinates of the landmark structure andassociate the location at which the photograph was captured with the GPScoordinates of the landmark structure. The photo geolocation system alsocan associate the determined location with a certain margin of error,depending on the size of the landmark structure or other factors.Further, the photo geolocation system in some cases operates onphotographs that depict faces of people known to be at certain locationsat certain times, provided the operator of the photo geolocation systempreviously obtained consent from the relevant parties. According toother scenarios, the photo geolocation system recognizes and usescertain identifiable properties of objects depicted in the photographs,such as position of the sun or the moon relative to the horizon, forexample. In yet other scenarios, the photo geolocation system operateson attributes of photographs such as, for example, a timestamp projectedonto the film at the time the photograph was captured.

In some situations, the location at which a photograph was captured maybe determined, at least approximately, based only on what is depicted inthe photograph. In other situations, however, identifying an object in aphotograph is insufficient for determining the location at which thephotograph was captured. If the photograph depicts a clock thatindicates the time of day, for example, the photograph cannot begeolocated based only on the indicated time. In such cases, the photogeolocation system may use additional information, such as a log thatreflects the reported location of the user who took the photograph onthe day the photograph was captured, which the user may provide to thephoto geolocation system, or which the photo geolocation system mayobtain from a suitable data repository with the user's permission. Asdiscussed in more detail below, the photo geolocation system in thesecases may correlate the time indicated in the photograph with one orseveral entries in the log to determine where the user likely took thephotograph.

Generally speaking, the photo geolocation system may be used inannotating photo albums, labeling individual photographs or videorecordings, or in any other application in which it is necessary ordesirable to “tag” photographs with location data or, more generally,geolocate the photograph (i.e., associate the photograph with at leastan approximate location at which the photograph was captured). Exampletechniques for associating photographs with the corresponding locations,which the photo geolocation system may implement, are discussed belowwith reference to FIGS. 1-7.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example computing environment in which a photogeolocation system 10 may be implemented. The photo geolocation system10 includes a photo location detection engine (or simply “photogeolocation engine”) 102, which may be implemented in a server 104 as aseries of computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readablemedium such as a disk, for example. The location detection system 10also may include a photograph database 108 to store photographs, whichmay come from any suitable manual or automated source. For example,users may upload individual pictures or photo albums to the photographdatabase 108 via desktop computers, handheld devices such assmartphones, various online services, etc. The photographs may bedigital photographs captured using a digital camera or scans of filmphotographs. In general, photographs in the photograph database 108 mayconform to any suitable digital format, including Joint PhotographicExperts Group format (JPEG), Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), andTagged Image File Format (TIFF). Further, in some embodiments, the photogeolocation system 10 includes, or co-operates with, a location database116 that stores users' time-indexed location history. In an exampleimplementation, user's time-indexed location history is made up of aseries of records, each including GPS coordinates (latitude, longitude,and, in some cases, elevation) and a time indication.

A user may interact with the photo geolocation engine 102 via a clientcomputing device 110. More particularly, the user may instruct the photogeolocation engine 102, via the client computing device 110, to identifythe location where a photograph 106 was captured. In someimplementations, the photo location system 10 requires that the usersupply his or her logon credentials such as a user name, email address,password, etc. The user in general may refer to the photograph 106individually or as a part of a group of photographs, e.g., a photoalbum. For example, the user may wish to obtain location data for aseries of photographs the user captured at various places during a tripand uploaded to the photograph database 108.

In the example of FIG. 1, the photo geolocation engine 102 may detect anelectronic ticker 112 in the photograph 106 that indicates time t. Morespecifically, the photo geolocation engine 102 may automaticallyrecognize alphanumeric characters in the photograph 106, process thealphanumeric characters to obtain the character string displayed by theelectronic billboard (in this case, “8:24 Jan. 1, 2011”), andautomatically recognize that the character string may be an indicationof time and date. As an even more specific example, the photogeolocation engine 102 may be configured to recognize a text patternthat includes a number between 0 and 24 followed by a colon and anothernumber between 0 and 60 as an indication of time. A fully spelled-outname of a month or an abbreviated name of a month followed by a numberbetween 0 and 31 may b recognized as an indication of a date. Ingeneral, the photo geolocation engine 102 may be configured to recognizeany suitable format of time indication (or multiple such formats). Thephoto geolocation engine 102 may ask the user to confirm that thecharacter string in fact includes a time and date, in someimplementations. The photo geolocation engine 102 then may associate thetime t with the time when the photograph 106 was captured by generatingan appropriate data record to be stored in the photograph database 108,for example, or elsewhere on a computer-readable medium. In some cases,the photo geolocation engine 102 may utilize the detected time t only asa temporary variable and store the temporary variable in a transitorymemory only (e.g., RAM).

It is noted that the electronic ticker 112 indicating the time t isdepicted in the photograph 106 and, as such, is an integral component ofthe image captured in the photograph 106. By contrast, some photographsare associated with metadata, such as indications of time, authorship,etc., that may be stored along with the photograph or separately fromthe photograph, but in any case does not constitute an integralcomponent of the image captured in the photograph. In the environmentdepicted in FIG. 1, the photograph database 108 may store metadata forsome or all photographs. The photo geolocation system 10 in some casesmay update or expand the metadata upon determining the time when aphotograph was taken, the location at which the photograph was taken, orboth.

In general, examples of objects indicating time similar to theelectronic ticker 112 include digital clocks, analog clocks, screens ormonitors displaying time and/or date, etc. In some instances, the photogeolocation engine 102 may include software modules to performidentification of objects indicating the time t. ABBYY FineReader 11,developed by ABBYY Software Ltd., is an example of a software modulethat may be included with the photo geolocation engine 102 to performidentification of objects indicating the time t. In other instances, thephoto geolocation engine 102 may transmit a request to an application(collocated with the photo geolocation engine 102 at server 104 ordisposed on the application server 122, for example) to performidentification of objects in the photograph indicating the time t. Thephoto geolocation engine 102 may include a reference to the photographor a data file corresponding to the photograph with the request.

With continued reference to FIG. 1, the photo geolocation engine 102 mayreceive a time-indexed location history 114 for a certain user upondetermining that the user has granted his or her permission thereto. Aspreviously indicated, the photo geolocation system 10 may require thatthe user supply his or her login credentials, which the photogeolocation engine 102 may utilize to receive the user's time-indexedlocation history 114. The time-indexed location history of several usersmay be stored in the location database 116, which in some cases may bemaintained independently of the photo location system 10. Thetime-indexed location history 114 for a user may include a series ofrecords 114-1, 114-2, . . . 114-N. A record 114-1, for example, includeslocation information for the user in the form of latitude and longitudedata. The record 114-1 also includes a time stamp 118-1. In essence, therecord 114-1 indicates that the user was (at least) approximately at thelocation corresponding to latitude and longitude 120-1 at the timecorresponding to time stamp 118-1.

The photo geolocation engine 102 may compare the time t, obtained fromthe depiction of the electronic ticker 112, to one or several timestamps 118 in the time-indexed location history 114. For example, thephoto geolocation engine 102 may determine that the time t is temporallyclosest to the time stamp 118-2. The photo geolocation engine 102accordingly may generate an index into the record 114-2 and associatethe location where the photograph was captured (at least approximately)with the latitude/longitude 120-2. The photo geolocation engine 102 maygenerate a corresponding location indication (e.g., a string ofalphanumeric characters) and, depending on the implementation orscenario, provide the location indication to the user via thecorresponding client device, store the location indication in the record114-2, store the location indication in a separate database, etc. Asanother alternative, the photo geolocation engine 102 may interleave thelocation indication into the digital record corresponding to thephotograph 106 and store the updated digital record in a memory.

The time-indexed location history 114 may be discrete, e.g., include aseries of data records corresponding to respective points in time. Insome instances, the time t obtained from the photograph 106 does notdirectly correspond to any of the time entries 118-1, 118-2, . . . 118-Nin the time-indexed location history 114 of the user. In such instances,the photo geolocation engine 102 may identify the two time entries 118-1and 118-2 that define the boundaries of a time interval in which thetime t lies. The photo geolocation engine 102 may interpolate thelocation information 120-1 and 120-2 that corresponds to the timeentries 114-1 and 114-2 to approximate the latitude/longitude of thelocation where the photograph was captured.

In some scenarios, the photo geolocation engine 102 may utilize a mapdatabase (not shown) to determine a street/postal address correspondingto the latitude and longitude coordinates of the location where thephotograph was captured. The photo geolocation engine 102 then mayassociate the photograph 106 with the determined street/postal addressand, in some cases, update the appropriate fields of data structurestoring metadata for the photograph 106. In some implementations, thephoto geolocation system 10 also includes a database storing locationinformation for landmark structures.

The photo database 108 and the location database 116 may be implementedin any suitable manner such as using relational database techniques, forexample. Although in some implementations, the location database 116 isstored on one or several stationary devices (e.g., a server or serverfarm), the location database 116 also may be implemented in a portabledevice. For example, the user may utilize a GPS tracking device, such asTrackstick™ manufactured by Telespial Systems, Inc., to record his orher location at different times. The user may upload time-indexedlocation information stored in the GPS tracking device to the locationdatabase 116, or the GPS tracking device may operate as the database116. As another example, the location database 116 may be associatedwith a service that maintains location data which users voluntarilysubmit at periodic intervals or at designated locations (by “checkingin,” for example), such as Foursquare, Gowalla, Google Latitude, etc.

In some scenarios, the location of the camera may be associated with thelocation of a smartphone or a laptop computer equipped with a wirelessnetwork card. For example, an application running on the user'ssmartphone may determine the location of the smartphone using GPSpositioning, triangulation, or another suitable technique.

In an embodiment, the photo geolocation engine 102 may be available atan online application store disposed at the server 104 or theapplication server 122, for example. A user may retrieve a copy of thephoto location engine 102 from the server 104 and “install” theretrieved copy of the photo location engine 102 on the client computingdevice 110. The client computing device 110 may be a tablet, desktop,net-book or laptop computer. Alternatively, the client computing device110 may be a smartphone.

FIG. 2A-2E are examples of photographs on which the photo geolocationengine 102 may operate to determine the location where the photographwas captured. As discussed in more detail below, each of thesephotographs includes features which the photo geolocation engine 102 mayrecognize and utilize to determine the location where the photograph wascaptured and/or the time at which the photograph was captured.

First referring to FIG. 2A, the photo geolocation engine 102 mayidentify a landmark structure 202 in a photograph 200. Generallyspeaking, landmark structures are readily recognizable. Identifying alandmark structure may include recognizing features or properties suchas the outlines, shapes, color, etc. that characterize a particularlandmark structure. The photo geolocation engine 102 may include, orcooperate with via appropriate application programming interfaces(APIs), landmark recognition software such as that utilized by suchapplications as Google Goggles, for example, to perform the automaticidentification of landmark structures. The photo geolocation engine 102may determine the name of a landmark structure and use the name of thelandmark structure 202 to retrieve the location of the landmarkstructure 202 from a special-purpose landmark database (not shown) thatincludes a list of landmark structures and the corresponding locationdata. Alternatively, the photo geolocation engine 102 may use a webservice such as that offered by Google or MapQuest, for example, andmade accessible via the corresponding API. The landmark database may insome instances be a part of the location database 116. The photogeolocation engine 102 may associate the photograph 200 with locationinformation for the identified landmark structure.

Alternatively, the photo geolocation engine 102 may transmit a requestto an application to perform the identification of any landmarkstructures in the photograph 200. The request may be transmitted byinvoking the requisite API function of the application. In thisscenario, the photo geolocation engine 102 may provide the applicationwith a reference or link to the photograph 200. The photo geolocationengine 102 may receive the location information of the identifiedlandmark from the application. The photo geolocation engine 102 mayassociate the photograph 200 with the received location information ofthe identified landmark structure.

The location information received for the identified landmark structuremay include the latitude/longitude coordinates of the landmarkstructure. Alternatively, the location information for the landmarkstructure may be received as a postal/street address. The photogeolocation engine 102 may associate the location of the landmarkstructure 202 with the photograph 200 and store an indication of theassociation in the photo database 108 of FIG. 1, for example. Of course,a photograph may include multiple landmark structures. In those caseswhere a photograph includes multiple landmark structures, the photogeolocation engine 102 may identify some or all the landmark structuresin the photograph.

In some instances, the camera capturing a photograph may be asignificant distance away from the identified landmark structure. Inthese instances, the photo geolocation engine 102 may be configured toassociate the photograph with an indication corresponding to the generallocation of the camera, for example, town, city or county.

FIG. 2B is an example of another photograph 210 on which the photogeolocation engine 102 may operate to determine the location where thephotograph 210 was captured. Similar to the photograph 106, the photogeolocation engine 102 may identify features such as an electronicticker 212 indicating time t in the photograph 210. Further, the photogeolocation engine 210 may identify an individual 214 in the photograph210, provided the proper consent has been obtained. To this end, thephoto geolocation engine 102 may utilize face recognition software, suchas that marketed by COGNITEC from Dresden, Germany. The photogeolocation engine 102 then may retrieve the time-indexed locationinformation for the identified individual 214 from a location database,compare the time t identified in the photograph 210 to one or moretimestamps in the time-indexed location information for the identifiedindividual, and determine the location corresponding to the correlatedtimestamp in the time-indexed location information. For example, thetime-indexed location information for the user depicted in thephotograph 210 may indicate that at time T₁, the user was at locationL₁. Upon determining that time t is sufficiently proximate to time T₁,the photo geolocation engine 102 may generate an indication that thephotograph 210 is associated with the location L₁. In this embodiment,the photo geolocation engine 210 may associate the photograph with thetime t.

In an example scenario, a user provides a set of representativephotographs of herself, her family, and her friends to a photographmanagement and/or sharing service. The user then specifies names orother identifiers for each photograph (e.g., “Amy,” “Bob”). For example,referring back to FIG. 1, the user can upload the set of representativephotographs along with the corresponding names or identifiers to thephoto database 108. Next, the user instructs the photo geolocationengine 102 to use the set of representative photographs when the photogeolocation engine 102 detects faces of people in photographs uploadedby the user. The user also provide the photo geolocation engine 102access to her time-indexed location information. To enable the photogeolocation engine 102 to access the time-indexed location informationof her family and friends, the user specifies email addresses of eachperson associated with the set of representative photographs, so thateach relevant person can explicitly authorize the use of his or her thetime-indexed location information for automatically geolocatingphotographs using the techniques of the present disclosure. Thus, theuser may configure the photo geolocation engine 102 to operate on aspecified set of people. More generally, some users may decide to sharetheir time-indexed location information with each other to increase theprobability of successfully geolocating a photograph.

FIG. 2C is another example of a photograph on which the photogeolocation engine 102 may operate. A photograph 220 is similar to thephotograph 210 discussed above, except that the photograph 220 includesan analog clock 222. The photo geolocation engine 102 may identify thetime depicted on the face of the analog clock 222 and associate theidentified time with the time when the photograph 220 was captured. Inthis case, the photo geolocation engine 102 includes image recognitionsoftware modules adapted to perform the identification and conversion ofthe time depicted on the face of the analog clock 222 to a numericrepresentation. Similar to the example discussed above, when operatingon the photograph 220, the photo geolocation engine 102 may identify theuser depicted in the photograph 220, receive time-indexed locationinformation for the identified user, identify a location in thetime-indexed location information that has a timestamp most proximate tothe time shown on the face of the analog clock 222, and associate theidentified location with the photograph 220.

FIG. 2D is still another example of a photograph 230 on which a photogeolocation engine 102 may operate to determine a location and a timeindicating where and when, respectively, the photograph 230 wascaptured. In this case, the photo geolocation engine 102 may identify acelestial object 232, such as the sun, in the photograph 230. The photogeolocation engine 102 may also determine and utilize the location ofthe identified celestial object 232 relative to other featuresidentified in the photograph, such as the horizon 234, to determine atleast an approximate time when the photograph 230 was captured. Thephoto geolocation engine 102 may utilize visual attributes of thephotograph 230, such as brightness, to determine a time when thephotograph 230 was captured. As previously discussed, the photogeolocation engine 102 may utilize the time to identify a timestamp in auser's time-indexed location information that is temporally closest tothe identified time. The photo geolocation engine 102 may utilize thetimestamp to determine a location in the user's time-indexed locationinformation that corresponds to the timestamp. The photo geolocationengine 102 may associate the location with the photograph 230.

FIG. 2E illustrates another example of a photograph on which a photogeolocation engine 102 may operate. In this example, the photogeolocation engine 102 may identify the time 242 that is interleavedwith the captured image of a photograph 240. In those situations wherethe photograph 240 is captured using a film camera, the film camera mayproject the time onto the film when the camera shutter is actuated,causing the exposed film to include the projected time. In instanceswhere the photograph 240 was captured with a digital camera, the digitalcamera may digitally interleave the time of capture with the photograph240 by using suitable digital image processing techniques. Moregenerally, alphanumeric characters indicative of time and/or date can besuperimposed onto the image in any suitable manner. The photogeolocation engine 242 may perform optical character recognition (OCR)operations on the received photograph 240 to identify the time 242. Thephoto geolocation engine 102 may correlate the identified time 242 witha timestamp in a time-indexed location information for a user. The photogeolocation engine 102 may determine the location associated with thetimestamp using the time-indexed location information of a user. Thephoto geolocation engine 102 may associate the location with thephotograph 240 by generating an appropriate data structure, to be storedin a computer-readable memory, or a visual indication (e.g., a text boxdisplayed via a user interface of a client device). In otherembodiments, the photo geolocation engine 102 may update metadata fieldsassociated with the photograph 240 with the identified time and/orlocation.

As previously discussed, the photo geolocation engine 102 may utilize atime identified in a photograph and a time-indexed location informationfor an individual identified in a photograph to determine a locationwhere the photograph was captured. In some instances, however, the photogeolocation engine 102 may identify several other individuals in thephotograph. In such cases, the photo geolocation engine 102 mayassociate the identified individuals with the time and location,provided consent of the relevant parties has been properly obtained.

Photographs may include images of two or more individuals. In some ofthese photographs, the user may be one of the individuals depicted inthe photograph. Particularly, some of the individuals in the photographmay have authorized the sharing of their time-indexed locationinformation with the user and the photo geolocation engine 102. In somecases, the time-indexed location information for the user may beunavailable for the time period corresponding to when the photograph wascaptured. In these cases, the photo geolocation engine 102 may utilizethe time-indexed location information of one of the individualsidentified in the photograph to determine the time when the photographwas captured. The photo geolocation engine 102 may also create atime-indexed location history for those individuals, including the user,identified in the photograph for whom a time-indexed locationinformation is unavailable or is incomplete. A photograph illustratingthis particular scenario is discussed next in some detail.

The example photograph 250 illustrated in FIG. 2F includes a firstindividual 252 and a second individual 254, whom the photo geolocationengine 102 may automatically identify, provided proper permissions havebeen obtained. As discussed with reference to FIG. 2, the photogeolocation engine 102 may determine the identity of the two individuals252 and 254 depicted in the photograph 250. In one scenario, thetime-indexed location information may only be available for one of theindividuals in the photograph, individual 252 for example. Upondetermining the identity of the individual 252, the photo geolocationengine 102 may retrieve the time-based location history for individual252. Alternatively, the photo geolocation engine 102 may query a remotedatabase for the time-indexed location information for the individual252. The remote database may be disposed at the location database 116 ofFIG. 1, for example.

The photo geolocation engine 102 may identify the time the photograph250 was captured by detecting and processing an electronic ticker 256that indicates time t. As previously described, the photo geolocationengine 102 may correlate the identified time t with a timestamp from thetime-indexed location information received for the first individual 252.The photo geolocation engine 102 may retrieve the location information(such as GPS coordinates) corresponding to the correlated time stamp andassociate the photograph 250 with the time t identified in thephotograph 256. The photo geolocation engine 102 may also associate thelocation information with the photograph 250.

The photo geolocation engine 102 may be configured to create atime-indexed location history for the individual 254 indentified in thephotograph 250. The photo geolocation engine 102 may transmit anidentifier of the individual 254, the time t identified in thephotograph 256 and the location information associated with thephotograph 250 to a remote locator service, for example. Alternativelyor concomitantly, the photo geolocation engine 102 may create atime-indexed location information, similar to 114 depicted in FIG. 1,for the second identified individual 254.

In the examples discussed above, the photo geolocation engine 102 isdescribed as performing the several intermediate steps of identifyingthe location where a photograph was captured and/or the location of auser. However, in some or all of the examples discussed above, the photogeolocation engine 102 may communicate with software applications,executing as separate processes or daemons on the same computing deviceas that on which the photo geolocation engine 102 is disposed or on aseparate computing device, to perform the several intermediate steps ofidentifying a location where a photograph was captured. The softwareapplications may be developed and distributed by third-party entities,in some cases. The photo geolocation engine 102 may transmit a requestto a software application with a reference to the photograph to beprocessed. For example, the photo geolocation engine 102 may instruct asoftware application to perform an identification of features indicatinga time in the photograph. More particularly, the photo geolocationengine 102 may instruct a second software application to perform thesteps of correlating the time with a location from a user's time-indexedlocation history.

Similarly, the photo geolocation engine 102 may instruct a softwareapplication to identify individuals in the photograph. The photogeolocation engine 102 may also instruct a software application todetermine a time when a photograph was captured based on the relativelocations of celestial objects and geographic features and thebrightness of captured photograph. In some implementations, the softwareapplications discussed here may be located at the server 104. In otherscenarios, the third-party software applications may be located on anapplication server 122. In these scenarios, the photo geolocation engine102 may communicate with the third party software applications via thenetwork 100.

Having considered several examples of photographs on which the photogeolocation system 10 may operate and several techniques that may beutilized to determine the location where photographs were captured,several methods that may be implemented in one or several devicesoperating in the photo geolocation system 10 are discussed next.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example method 300 for associating aphotograph with a location where the photograph was captured. The method300 may be implemented in the photo geolocation engine 102, for example.At block 310, a photograph is received. The received photograph mayinclude one or more of the several features discussed with reference tothe photographs 106, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250. Depending on thescenario, the photograph may be received in the form of a digital file,a reference to a file stored elsewhere, etc.

At block 320, the time of capture of the photograph is determined. Asdiscussed above, the time of capture may be based on a depiction of aclock in the photograph, a timestamp projected onto the photograph atthe time of capture, etc. Next, a location corresponding at which thephotograph was captured is determined at block 330. In an embodiment, auser's time-indexed location information is received or accessed tomatch the time determined at block 320 with a time at which the user'slocation was recorded.

At block 340, the location determined at block 330 is associated withthe photograph received at block 310. For example, a data recordincluding the determined location may be generated and provided to auser or stored in a database. In some cases, previously availablemetadata associated with the photograph is updated with the locationdetermined at block 330.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example method 400 that may beimplemented in a photo geolocation engine 102 or a similar component todetermine the location where a photograph was captured. At block 410, aphotograph that depicts one or more landmark structures is received.Alternatively, the method implemented at block 410 may, for example,receive a reference to a photograph stored in the photo database 108 ofFIG. 1. In this case, the method implemented at block 410 may retrievethe photograph from the photo database 108. A landmark structure may beidentified in the photograph at block 420. The identification of thelandmark structure may be performed by the photo geolocation engine 102.In another embodiment, at block 420, a software application executing atthe application server 122 of FIG. 1 may be instructed to identify anylandmark structures in the received photograph. In this embodiment, atblock 420, a reference to any landmark structures identified in thephotograph by the software application may be received. At block 430, alocation for the landmark structure identified at block 420 may bedetermined. For example, the location database 116 of FIG. 1 may bequeried to determine the location of the identified landmark structure.In another embodiment, a request to determine the location of theidentified landmark structure is transmitted to a remote softwareapplication or service, and the location of the identified landmarkstructure determined by the remote software application or service isreceived at block 430. The location of the identified landmark structuremay be associated with the photograph at block 440.

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram for an example method 500 for associating aphotograph with a location based on identifying an individual in thephotograph and a time of capture determined from the photograph. Theexample method 500 may be implemented in a photo geolocation engine 102,in an embodiment. At block 510, a photograph is received. A person isrecognized in the photograph at block 520. In an embodiment, facialrecognition algorithms may be implemented at block 520. In anotherembodiment, the method 500 at block 520 instructs a software applicationto perform the identification of persons in the photograph. Referringback to FIG. 1, in one implementation, the software application may belocated at the application server 122. In this case, the methodimplemented at block 520 may transmit a request to the applicationserver 122 via the network 100. The request may include the photographreceived at block 510 and/or a reference to where the photograph islocated.

At block 530, a time of capture of the photograph is determined usingtechniques generally similar to those discussed above. Next, at block540, the location of the person at the time obtained at block 530 may bedetermined or estimated. The photograph then may be associated with thedetermined location (block 550).

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of another example method that may beimplemented in a photo geolocation engine 102 or a similar module. Aphotograph is received at block 610 and, at block 620, a first personand a second person are identified in the received photograph. In onecase, the method implemented at block 620 may transmit a request to aapplication to the perform the identification of the first person and/orthe second person. In this case, an indication of the identities of thefirst person and the second person may be received at block 620. Theindication may include an identifier, such as an email or a token,corresponding to the identities of each person. At block 630, a time ofcapture of the photograph may be determined. The method 600 at this timemay identify features in the photograph that indicate a time of capture.

The method 600 then may utilize the first person's time-indexed locationinformation to determine a location of the first person at the time ofcapture of the photograph (block 640). In another scenario, a locatorservice operated by a separate entity, Google Latitude, for example, maybe queried by invoking API functions of the locator service, todetermine the first person's location at a time corresponding to thetime of capture of the photograph determined at block 630. At block 650,the photograph is associated with the first person's location. Creatingthe association may include updating the metadata fields of thephotograph with the location information. Alternatively, a data recordin a database may be updated with a reference to the photograph and thelocation information.

At block 660, the second person identified in the photograph may beassociated with the time of capture of the photograph. The methodimplement at block 660 may create a time-indexed location history forthe second person.

Next, by way of example, several components of an example photogeolocation engine are discussed with reference to FIG. 7. The photogeolocation engine of FIG. 7 may operate in any suitable environment,such as the photo geolocation system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. Moreparticularly, in an example embodiment, the photo geolocation engine 102is similar or identical to the photo geolocation engine of FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a computing device 700 in which a photogeolocation engine 702 may be implemented to automatically determine thelocation where a photograph was captured. The photo geolocation engine702 may operate on photographs similar to the previously discussedphotographs 106, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250. In the embodiment ofFIG. 7, the photo geolocation engine 702 operates in a computing device704 and includes a photo processing tool 705, a geolocation processingtool 706, and a photo tagging tool 708 stored as computer-readableinstructions on a storage medium (or “program storage”) 710 that may betangible and non-transitory. The computing device 704 includes randomaccess memory 704 and a processor 714 which executes the softwareinstructions of the photo geolocation engine 702. In someimplementations, a computing device 714 may include a multi-coreprocessor. The photo tagging tool 708 may be communicatively coupled tothe geolocation processing tool 706 and the photo processing tool 705.

The photo geolocation engine 702 may receive input from an inputsub-system 716 a which is communicatively coupled to the computingdevice 704. The input sub-system 716 a generally may include one or moreof a pointing device such as a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen, atrackball device, a digitizing tablet, etc. The photo geolocation engine702 provides output to a user via the output sub-system 716 b. Theoutput 716 b may include a video monitor, a liquid crystal display (LCD)screen, etc. The photo geolocation engine 702 may also becommunicatively coupled to a communication interface 717. Thecommunication interface 717 generally may include a wired ethernetcommunication link, a wireless ethernet communication link, etc. Thephoto geolocation engine 702 may communicate with remote hosts (notshown) disposed on a network 718 via the communication interface 717.

In operation, the photo tagging tool 708 may receive a request from auser to determine the location where a photograph was captured. Thephotograph may be stored in the database 720. The photo geolocationengine 702 may provide the user with a user interface via the outputsub-system 716 b to enable the user to select a photograph from thedatabase 720. The photograph may include several of the previouslydiscussed identifiable features that may allow the photo geolocationengine 702 to determine the location where the photograph was captured.The photo tagging tool 708 may instruct the photo processing tool 705 toprocess the photograph. The photo processing tool 705 may process thephotograph to identify one or more of the previously discussedidentifiable feature such as a landmark structure, a feature indicatinga time when the photograph was captured, the identity of severalindividuals in the photograph, etc.

The photo tagging tool 708 may receive an indication corresponding toone or several of the features identified in the photograph from thephoto processing tool 705, which may instruct the geolocation processingtool 706 to determine the location where a photograph was captured. Inone instance, the geolocation processing tool 706 may receive from thephoto processing tool 705 an indication of a time when a photograph wascaptured. The geolocation processing tool 706 may utilize the time todetermine a user's location at that time. As previously discussed, thegeolocation processing tool 706 may utilize the user's time-indexedlocation information to determine the user's location at the timeidentified in the photograph. In other instances, the geolocationprocessing tool 706 may also receive an indication corresponding to theidentity of an individual identified in a photograph. In this instance,the geolocation processing tool 706 may identify the time-indexedlocation information for the identified individual. The geolocationprocessing tool 706 may correlate the received time indication with atime from the identified individual's time-indexed location informationto determine the individual's location at the identified time. Thegeolocation processing tool 706 may also operate to determine thelocation information for landmark structures identified in thephotograph. In each instance, the geolocation processing tool 706 maytransmit an indication of a location corresponding to the location wherethe photograph was captured. The photo tagging tool 705 may receive theindication of the location and associate the photograph with theindication. In some embodiments, the photo tagging tool 705 may save theindication of the association in the database 720. The photo geolocationengine 702 may display the location where the photograph was captured ona map via the output 716 b.

In some implementations, the photo processing tool 705 and thegeo-location processing tool 706 may be disposed on different devicesinterconnected via the network 718. Referring back to FIG. 1, forexample, the photo processing tool 705 and the geo-location processingtool 706 may be disposed on the application server 122. In thesescenarios, the photo tagging tool 708 may communicate with the photoprocessing tool 705 via the communication interface 717. The phototagging tool 708 may instruct the photo processing tool 705 to performthe identification of the previously discussed identifiable features inthe photograph. The photo tagging tool 708 may receive one or severalfeatures identified in the photograph from the photo processing tool705. Further, the photo tagging tool 705 may instruct the geolocationprocessing tool 706 via the communication interface to determine thelocation where a photograph was captured. The instruction may include areference to a time that was identified in photograph. Also, theinstruction may include a reference to the identity of an individualidentified in the photograph.

In some cases, the computing device 700 may be a tablet computer or asmart phone. For example, the computing device 700 may be an APPLE IOS,ANDROID OS, or WEBOS based computing device. To reduce the burdenimposed on the processor 714 or to reduce the memory footprint of thephoto geolocation engine 702, the photo tagging tool 708 may begenerated to operate as a standalone application within the computingenvironment of the computing device 700, in some implementations. Inthese implementations, the photo tagging tool 708 may communicate withthe database 720, the photo processing tool 705 and the geo-locationprocessing tool 706 via a cellular communication channel or a Wi-Ficommunication channel established through the communication interface717, for example, As previously discussed, the database 720, the photoprocessing tool 705 and the geo-location processing tool 706 may bedisposed at a remote server connected to the network 718.

The following additional considerations apply to the foregoingdiscussion. Throughout this specification, plural instances mayimplement components, operations, or structures described as a singleinstance. Although individual operations of one or more methods areillustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of theindividual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothingrequires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated.Structures and functionality presented as separate components in exampleconfigurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component.Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single componentmay be implemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter discussed in this disclosure.

Certain embodiments are described in this disclosure as including logicor a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules mayconstitute either software modules (e.g., code embodied on amachine-readable medium or in a transmission signal) or hardwaremodules. A hardware module is tangible unit capable of performingcertain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certainmanner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., astandalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardwaremodules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group ofprocessors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware module that operates to performcertain operations as described in this disclosure.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions in this disclosurethat use words such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,”“determining,” “presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer toactions or processes of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates ortransforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, oroptical) quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory,non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or othermachine components that receive, store, transmit, or displayinformation.

As used in this disclosure, any reference to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarilyall referring to the same embodiment.

As used in this disclosure, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,”“includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof,are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process,method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is notnecessarily limited to only those elements but may include otherelements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method,article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary,“or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example,a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true(or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or notpresent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (orpresent).

In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elementsand components of the embodiments discussed in this disclosure. This isdone merely for convenience and to give a general sense of theinvention. This description should be read to include one or at leastone and the singular also includes the plural unless it is apparent thatit is meant otherwise.

Upon reading this disclosure, those of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate still additional alternative structural and functionaldesigns for a system and a process for determining the location at whichan image was captured through the disclosed principles herein. Thus,while particular embodiments and applications have been illustrated anddescribed, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are notlimited to the precise construction and components disclosed herein.Various modifications, changes and variations, which will be apparent tothose skilled in the art, may be made in the arrangement, operation anddetails of the method and apparatus disclosed in this document withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed:
 1. A method in a computing device for geolocatingphotographs, the method comprising: receiving a photograph captured by auser as data stored on a computer-readable medium; receiving locationhistory data for the user; determining a time at which the photographwas captured based on an object depicted in the photograph; anddetermining a geographic location at which the photograph was capturedusing the determined time and the location history data.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the object depicted in the photograph displays anindication of current time.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the objectis digital clock, and wherein determining the time at which thephotograph was captured includes processing a plurality of alphanumericcharacters.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein processing the pluralityof alphanumeric characters includes: comparing the recognized pluralityof alphanumeric characters to a predetermined format of time indication,and in response to determining that the recognized plurality ofalphanumeric characters matches the predetermined format of timeindication, interpreting the recognized plurality of alphanumericcharacters as the indication of the time at which the photograph wascaptured.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the object is a billboard.6. The method of claim 1, wherein the photograph is stored in an onlinerepository of the user's photographs.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereinthe location history data specifies a plurality of instances of time andrespective geographic locations, and wherein determining the geographiclocation includes: selecting, from among the plurality of instances oftime in the location history data, an instance of time closest to thetime at which the photograph was captured, and associating thegeographic location at which the photograph was captured with thegeographic location corresponding to the selected instance of time. 8.The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the photograph captured by theuser includes: receiving the photograph, and applying a facialrecognition technique to the photograph to identify the user.
 9. Amethod in a computing device for determining a location at which aphotograph was captured using a camera, wherein the photograph is storedas data on a computer-readable medium, and wherein a location of theuser at the time the photograph was captured corresponds to the locationof the camera at the time the photograph was captured; the methodcomprising: detecting, in the photograph, an object that displays anindication of time as a plurality of alphanumeric characters; inresponse to determining that the plurality of alphanumeric charactersmatches a format of time indication, automatically determining a time atwhich the photograph was captured using the detected plurality ofalphanumeric characters; automatically determining a location of theuser at the determined time using user location data that is indicativeof respective locations of the user at a plurality of instances of timeduring a time period including the determined time; and generating anelectronic indication of the location at which a photograph wascaptured, wherein the indication indicates the determined location ofthe user at the determined time.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereindetermining the time includes recognizing numerals of a digital clockdepicted in the photograph.
 11. The method of claim 9, whereinautomatically determining the location of the user at the determinedtime includes electronically receiving the location data including aplurality of data records, wherein each of the plurality of data recordsindicates a respective time and a respective location of the user at theindicated time; the method further comprising: selecting, from theplurality of data records, a data record indicating a time closest tothe determined time, wherein the determined of the user corresponds to alocation which the selected data record indicates.
 12. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the photograph is stored in an online repository of theuser's photographs.
 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:receiving the photograph, and applying a facial recognition technique tothe photograph to identify the user.
 14. A tangible computer-readablemedium storing instructions thereon for automatically determining alocation at which a photograph was captured using a camera, wherein thephotograph is stored as data on a computer-readable medium; wherein theinstructions, when executed on a processor, cause the processor to:determine a time at which the photograph was captured based on an objectdepicted in the photograph, receive user location data indicative ofrespective locations of a user at a plurality of instances of timeduring a time period, wherein the time period includes the determinedtime, and wherein a location of the user at the time the photograph wascaptured corresponds to the location of the camera at the time thephotograph was captured; select, from the plurality of instances oftime, a subset of instances of time most closely associated with thedetermined time; and determine the location at which the photograph wascaptured using the determined time and a subset of the user locationdata corresponding to the selected subset of instances of time.
 15. Thetangible computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the objectdepicted in the photograph is a digital clock displaying current time.16. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein theobject depicted in the photograph is an electronic billboard displayingcurrent time.
 17. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 14,wherein the object depicted in the photograph is an analog clockdisplaying current time.
 18. The tangible computer-readable medium ofclaim 14, wherein the photograph depicts the user; wherein: theinstructions further cause the processor to apply a facial recognitionfunction to automatically identify the user, and the instructions causethe processor to receive the user location data is in response toidentifying the user.
 19. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim14, wherein to determine the time at which the photograph was captured,the instructions further cause the processor to recognize a plurality ofalphanumeric characters.
 20. The tangible computer-readable medium ofclaim 19, wherein to determine the time at which the photograph wascaptured, the instructions further cause the processor to compare therecognized alphanumeric characters to a predefined format of timeindication.